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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Reference — German Word Order</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/style.css">
<style>
body { font-size: 16px; }
h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.rule-box { margin: 1rem 0; }
.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 0.75rem; margin: 1rem 0; }
@media (max-width: 500px) { .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.card {
background: white;
border: 1px solid var(--border);
border-radius: var(--radius);
padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
font-size: 0.88rem;
}
.card .label { font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--ink-faint); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em; margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
.card .de { display: inline; font-size: 0.88em; }
.card .wrong { font-size: 0.82em; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="page">
<p class="subtitle">Reference Sheet &middot; Print-friendly</p>
<h1>German Word Order</h1>
<h2>V2 Rule — Main Clauses</h2>
<div class="rule-box">
<strong>Formula</strong>
<div class="formula">[ Slot 1: anything ] &rarr; FINITE VERB &rarr; Subject &rarr; rest</div>
</div>
<p>The finite verb <em>always</em> occupies slot 2 in a main clause. When the subject is in slot 1, no inversion is needed. When anything else is in slot 1, the subject and verb swap.</p>
<div class="grid">
<div class="card">
<div class="label">Subject first — no inversion</div>
<code class="de">Ich habe heute Code-Review gemacht.</code>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="label">Time first — inversion</div>
<code class="de">Heute habe ich Code-Review gemacht.</code>
<div class="wrong">&cross; Heute ich habe …</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="label">Sequence adverb — inversion</div>
<code class="de">Danach habe ich die E-Mail geschrieben.</code>
<div class="wrong">&cross; Danach ich habe …</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="label">Location first — inversion</div>
<code class="de">In Heitersheim gibt es viele Wege.</code>
<div class="wrong">&cross; In Heitersheim es gibt …</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="label">Reason connector — inversion</div>
<code class="de">Deshalb schreibe ich dir.</code>
<div class="wrong">&cross; Deshalb ich schreibe …</div>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="label">Object fronted — inversion</div>
<code class="de">Das Ticket habe ich gestern geschlossen.</code>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Verb-Final — Subordinate Clauses</h2>
<div class="rule-box">
<strong>Conjunctions that send the verb to the end</strong>
<div class="formula">weil &bull; dass &bull; ob &bull; wenn &bull; obwohl &bull; damit &bull; bevor &bull; nachdem</div>
</div>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Main clause</th>
<th>Subordinate clause</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ich bin bereit,</td>
<td>wenn die Reinigung nicht möglich <strong>ist</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ich weiß nicht,</td>
<td>ob das Ticket schon geschlossen <strong>wurde</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Er sagt,</td>
<td>dass er morgen ins Büro <strong>kommt</strong>.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>Common Front Elements (trigger V2 inversion)</h2>
<table>
<tr><th>Category</th><th>Words</th></tr>
<tr><td>Time</td><td><code>heute, gestern, morgen, letzte Woche, am Freitag, um 9 Uhr</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Sequence</td><td><code>dann, danach, zuerst, zuletzt, anschließend</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Reason</td><td><code>deshalb, daher, deswegen, aus diesem Grund</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Contrast</td><td><code>trotzdem, dennoch, jedoch, allerdings</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Addition</td><td><code>außerdem, auch, zudem</code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Condition</td><td><code>sonst (otherwise)</code></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font-size:0.85rem; color: var(--ink-faint); margin-top: 2rem;">
&larr; <a href="../lessons/0001-v2-word-order.html">Back to Lesson 1</a>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>